Daniel J. Hinkley

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You are here: Home / Archives for Windcliff

The Unimaginable Zero Winter

January 5, 2026 By Daniel J. Hinkley

Polygonatum tessellatum, collected in northern Myanmar with Shayne Chandler in 2013, is offering an atypical evergreenosity this year, along with an opulent crop of bright red fruit.

Though an amended ripoff from T.S. Elliot’s Little Gidding, shared sentiments of our respective Unimaginable seasons stuck in place like cars on an icy hill are quite similar. His were the days of a seized-up late winter while waiting for spring that seemingly would not come. Mine are the dark and soggy, alternating with blinding sun; a late autumn caught in an endless loop between the high thirties and mid forties.

A rather large collection of Begonia species at Windcliff are, on January 3rd, 2026, providing an unexpected, never-before-experienced season of backlit foliage.

If this was our norm, I would not be pushing quite so hard to liberate our bottomed-out autumn from the deep ruts of a muddy road. The days are getting only minusculely longer, but minusculely enough for those clever plants of mine to notice. The flower buds of too many shrubs and trees are being seduced and juiced into growth two months too early. Galanthus and hellebores are in full blossom. Begonias and the hardy gingers (Hedychium) are still in active growth. It will take only a minor aerial operation through the Fraser Valley of British Columbia to do seriously bad things.

Edgeworthia chrysantha ‘Windcliff Sunrise’ is a second generation seedling selection from my original collection from NE Sichuan in 2004. It has always blossomed significantly earlier than the more frequently offered forms of this species in commerce, however showing color by New Years Day is a first in our garden in Indianola, WA.

My husband will confirm those things you have always suspected of me. Whatever is happening in my garden, at this precise moment, I want….the polar opposite of things that exist, Kevetch about weather? I just can’t resist, the Pacific Northwest where the rains they are legend as long as you really don’t live here I reckon to see that our soils become dusty dry, (by June if we’re lucky) with smoke in the sky, and our winters are mild… “Right!”, said with a grimace, as the garden gets smaller, no plant with much bigness, and then when it rains, well it comes in a river and measured by feet or at times by the meter. DJH

The early winter flowers of Polyspora longicarpa from northern Vietnam (left)are frequently damaged by early freezes while Steve Hootman’s collection of Polyspora speciosa from Guangxi Province, PRC (right) is generally more resistant to moderate frosts. Both are providing a sensational, extended showing this year. (note to Steve; mine is bigger)

An unexpected and generous harvest of Yuzu (Citrus juno) from our garden specimen on December 27th, makings for enough marmalade to last a few days. Robert eats a lot of marmalade…….

I have tried to get things in order but I have failed. (I can’t do this alone, people!) Today, on January 4th, two days before the shameful anniversary of January 6th, when our Resident-in-Thief began his systematic dismantling of our constitutional democracy, I surrender to what will come by way of a vastly-human-altered and capricious climate. It is windy but warm, the fragrances of Daphne and Sarcococca are aloft, and the sun

Reflecting in a watery mirror 
A glare that is blindness in the early afternoon. 
And glow more intense than blaze of branch, or brazie
r, T.S. Elliot

Robert and I, along with the staff and volunteers at Windcliff, wish you all the best gardening of your life in the months ahead in this new year. DJH 1/4/26

Windcliff Plants (updated inventory here) is available to visitors by appointment Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays (which can easily be scheduled by emailing  windcliff2@centurytel.net ). If you are visiting for a specific plant, please ask regarding its current availability prior to your visit.  Additionally, a selection of our plants are for sale exclusively at Heronswood, Ravenna Gardens of University Village in Seattle, Crazy Hill Gardens and Botanicals in Belfair and Bay Hay and Feed on Bainbridge Island.

Filed Under: Essays, Plants, Windcliff Tagged With: China, China & Vietnam 2014, Flowering Shrubs, Guizhou PRC 2011, Rare Shrubs, Vietnam & Myanmar 2013, Woodland Plants

The Migration of Madrone

September 26, 2025 By Daniel J. Hinkley

On a single evening just before the first rains of autumn, a cyclonic swarming of termites from thousands of colonies takes to the air. While legions of losers uber across town into eternity, a few successful pairings settle down to ultimately eat your house. Butterflies drawn by invisible cues for thousands of miles, across lakes, mountains and deserts never before seen, arrive together en masse to a few hundred fir trees in Central Mexico. A million Sandhill Cranes constringe along a small length of the Platte River near Kearney, Nebraska over ten days in late March. And murmurations of starlings appear at dusk in choreographed, shape-shifting, fluid clouds above the Edmonds Ferry Terminal in late summer. Just a fraction of the highly predictable, byzantine synchronicities of the natural world that shifts me to that state of non-self.

Sandhill Crane Migration, Kearney, Nebraska, March 16th, 2025

Monarchs on Abies religiosa awakening to the first rays of sun in Michoacán, western Mexico, February, 2022

These orchestrations are hardly confined to the poster children of the peregrinate. There are the horned and hoofed, spined or -like trumpeting sycophants- spineless, winged or apterous. All going somewhere in particular or nowhere at all, all at once and always in a hurry. This brings me, admittedly in incongruous fashion, to our most iconic native tree species that guards the bluff edges at Windcliff.

A bird’s eye view of the bluff edge at Windcliff, with Arbutus meniziesii holding it all together, literally and figuratively. Photo Credit; Claire Takacs.

As the Baobab to Madagasgar or the Coconut to tropical islands, there is no tree that more visually brandishes itself to the Pacific Northwest than our beloved Madrona. It was ḰEḰEYIȽĆ to the Saanich People of southern Vancouver Island, a sacred tree to which their canoes were tethered during the great flood. In 1769, the Spanish missionary Juan Crespi was sufficiently schooled in botany to note its resemblance to the Mediterranean Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo) and dubbed it Madroño. George Vancouver’s voyage into the Straits of San Juan de Fuca in 1792 carried aboard English botanist Archibald Menzies who returned with a tree that would ultimately be named Arbutus menziesii in his honor.

Sixty four years later, in 1857, cartographer and U.S. Lieutenant George Davidson mistook the identity of the same tree while referencing a peninsula in the Puget Sound as Magnolia Bluff, lying directly southeast of our garden. To this day, this misnomer sallies forth in the significantly-sized Seattle neighborhood of Magnolia.

Davidson was an undeniably brilliant surveyor yet out of his depth botanically while out of his mind in love with a young Ms. Elinor Fauntleroy. In an attempt to curry favor with his future father-in-law, he named all things observable after someone in their family, including Fauntleroy Cove, as well as, in the Olympic Range, Mt. Elinor (his betrothed), Mt. Constance (his future sister-in-law), Mt. Rose (another sister-in-law) and The Brothers (two additional sisters of the betrothed who were, at the time, transitioning)(that is not true)(to the best of my knowledge). So, in actuality, our dendrologicaly-annointed Seattle neighborhood could have easily enough honored in perpetuity a pervy Fauntleroy uncle.

Our beloved Madronas. They change by the hour and by the day and through the seasons. In every interaction, you are introduced to a new tree, never before seen or even remotely imagined, like the recent attempts at rewriting 275 years of American democracy. Though most scintillating during the sunrise and sunset hours, through a window it can by itself warm the room of a chilled and swampy December day.

Dawn

Dusk

April (photo credit; Flower Essence Services)

The ureolate or urn-shaped flowers are a signature floral type of the Ericaceae, an enormous assemblage of horticulturally significant plants including Pieris, Rhododendron, heaths and heathers and the very closely related manzanitas in the genus Arctostaphylos. Chief pollinators include hummingbirds, native bees and honey bees and the spring azure butterfly. The nectar and pollen rich flowers are designed perfectly for a strategy known as ‘buzz pollination’, in which bumblebees in particular dislodge pollen through vibration of their wings.

October

On a good year, the Pacific Madrone can be weighted with succulent, red, rough-textured berries and swarmed by frenzied flocks of frugivorous and omnivorous birds alike. We have been entranced while watching wind-hovering seagulls kite in gale force winds above the bluff while gluttonously plucking fruit on the wing.

Arbutus menziesii preparing to shed its rusty-colored shards of aging skin.

As stately, as imposing and as sacred as they might be, Madronas are ALWAYS losing themselves, whether it be branches, leaves, flowers or fruit. But in that vein, on one day each year, when the conditions are just right, we witness something remarkable. It is something one hears before seeing, a rattly gurgle that I mistaken repeatedly as a gushing broken irrigation line. The sound draws my eyes to its source which seems to build to a crescendo in only a matter of seconds.

And then it goes sort of like this:

The night before I was to graduate from Michigan State University in 1976, I stayed up all night with a devilishly handsome and mischievous sprite of a man named Baron Munchausen. Despite the ridiculously high odds that this is a lie, indeed that very thing for which his namesake was discreditably known, it is in all aspects a true story. Just before dawn we had somehow arrived to the Woldumar Wetlands and hiked along a trail to the edge of an expansive cattail marsh. In late May, it was filled with only the remnants of last year’s growth. The precise moment the surrounding landscape was flooded by the first ray of sun on that morning of my graduation, an unheard snap or bark or splash ignited a concatenation of thousands of roosting red-winged blackbirds that lifted in unison into an opulent gilded light.

Like a pre-thunk flight of birds or butterflies or deliberated cyclones of termites, our Madrone lets loose its skin in a whoosh and whirl to the air, like a direct hit to a piñata by a school house bully. And why I find this so remarkable is probably the same reason so many find me unremarkable. My tree has scattered its skin to the entirety of the garden and beyond, carrying with it in one magnificent holy flight not only its own substance, but those countless things upon which they grow, an inoculation, a migration of my beloved tree and all that belongs on her.

DJH 9/26/25

Windcliff Plants (updated inventory here) is available to visitors by appointment Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays (which can easily be scheduled by emailing  windcliff2@centurytel.net ). If you are visiting for a specific plant, please ask regarding its current availability prior to your visit.  Additionally, a selection of our plants are for sale exclusively at Heronswood, Ravenna Gardens of University Village in Seattle, Crazy Hill Gardens and Botanicals in Belfair and Bay Hay and Feed on Bainbridge Island.

The garden has been enlivened by cooler temperatures, shortening days and a wee bit of precipitation . We feel it is worthy of a wander and wonder, and we look forward to seeing you here.

Filed Under: Essays, Plants, Windcliff

Covering Ground

June 10, 2025 By Daniel J. Hinkley

“Why didn’t anyone ever tell me”, she asked soberly yet emphatically with a whiff of accusation, like a best friend who knew the spouse with cheating on her with the dog groomer but kept it a secret. I was her horticulture instructor at the time at Edmonds Community College, so I apprehensively waited for clarification. ‘Groundcovers’ she continued. “All of these decades of weeding. I never realized”

Solar Sterilization with Kobashi during the summer of 2024 after the Armageddon Freeze earlier in January. This area as been the least problematic in terms of weeds this spring after the commencement of replanting. Photo 8/10/24

Peggy was well into her early 70’s when she began taking my classes. And now, in my early 70’s, and the daunting rehabilitation of my garden at Windcliff underway, there hardly exists an hour of the day that her pointed question does not ping while gardening and listening to the latest prolonged ad-ridden Dateline Murder Mystery with my ear buds. (btw, the murderers virtually ALWAYS get caught, so don’t do it without talking to me first)

The same area as pictured above precisely 10 months later. After neatly covering the ground with a dense mound of finely fretted, dark green foliage throughout winter, Ligusticum lucidum erupts into a froth of white umbels in June. (note spires of both Echium pinniana as well as Eremerus ‘Romance’) Photo 6/10/25

With the associated soil disturbance of replanting along with fertile grounds for germination and a seed bank the size of lower Manhattan on the perimeters of the garden, the sheer number of weeds emerging per square foot this spring has been unfathomable. The offenders, mostly, come from the steep, uncontrollable bluff edge of our property; Buddleia davidii (evil), Hedera helix (bastardly) and the worst of all- we are talking Pam Bondi here – Clematis apiifolia, dubbed Traveler’s Joy by 17th century herbalist John Gerrard for it’s ‘goodly shew’ in autumn along the lanes of Elderly England. ( I have a ‘shew’ aimed directly at Gerrard’s backside.) We all have our enemies that we love to hate. I happen to have more than most.

A single strain of the annual Opium Poppy, Papaver somniferum, has been allowed to self sow during the renovation; these will be cut at the soil line directly after flowering to prevent overt self-sowing while adding substance and air space to the soil profile. (Only a few capsules are allowed to mature each year) Photo 6/10/25

It is not simply preventing the mass germination of weed seed each spring that a densely planted covering of the ground becomes profoundly important to the garden and gardener. Soils develop a more tilthy texture and become less compacted from winter rains. Most importantly, it has been shown that the microbial activity leading to more exuberant plant growth increases dramatically with not only dense planting but increases incrementally yet again with diversity of planting. The bottom line is that our garden soils would actually be much healthier if you simply left every weed alone and let it be. Don’t do that. We are gardening. Ground gone fallow is not the endpoint of our game until the game is over.

Whereas I am relying heavily this spring on annuals and biennials as placeholders until my permanent plantings take flight, already existing in the garden are more than a few durable, highly ornamental and long lived perennials that do rather well at the subject at hand (outside of the usual suspects, i.e. Epimedium, Pachysandra, Disporopsis, et al). As my body continue to age, they will all be given greater roles to play in the acts yet written.

Erigeron glaucus ‘Wayne Roderick’ produces low, dense, near-evergreen mats of felted foliage with nonstop flowering throughout the summer. (with Elschotzia california var. mexicana) Photo, 7/25/24

The spreading, non-woody species of Phlomis, in particular P. samia(above) and P. russeliana, provide high value ground cover, summer flowers and winter structure from spent fruiting stems. Thuggish you say? Bring it on! Photo 7/4/24

The garden at Windcliff is 50% sun, 25% shade and 25% as annoyingly indecisive as posers of tariffs. Those areas in the latter category are the hardest to conquer; requiring plants needing brightness to shine to the degree they should and protection from the Chernobyl months of mid-June through mid-August. Its a tall order. More than a few fit the bill and remain sufficiently dense- we like to say Hegseth Dense – to discourage any chance of alien invasion.

Appearing somewhat Hosta-like, yet fully slug and rabbit resistant, is Trachystemon orientalis ‘Kiwi Sun’, given to me years ago by New Zealand’s extraordinary Bev McConnell. Along our drive, it competes admirably with the roots of the Grand Fir under which it grows, only politely self sows and tolerates both intense sun and shade. Photo 6/10/25

Though hardiness, handsomeness, pollinator-coziness and seasonality remain important considerations, the bottom line is bulk and substance. Over the years I have discovered there is nothing more annoying than a ground cover that-despite its height or girth- does not have the guts it takes to prevent germination of seed on the lobby floor. Actually, there are other things MUCH more annoying, but we will save him for another post.

Though far from what we have conceived to be the endpoint (“endpoint?”, you laugh ), the early summer blitz is in full swing at Windcliff. We invite you to visit this Saturday, 7/14/25, without an appointment or fee, to study our progress, take a whiff of Philadelphus maderense and shop the nursery. 10-3pm. 10345 NE Shore Drive, Indianola, WA. Consider making it a two-fer by visiting Heronswood on the same day, only 9 miles from us as the crow flies. (Heronswood admission applies)

p.s. The Indianola Country Store makes a great sandwich.

DJH 6/10/25

Filed Under: Essays, Windcliff

The Winds of 2025

February 6, 2025 By Daniel J. Hinkley

A rugged mountain range in Northern Vietnam known as Five Fingers

The botanically rich yet rugged slopes of Five Fingers in northern Vietnam, visited once again in the autumn of 2023 with Ireland’s fern guru and good friend, Billy Alexander.


After betraying my brain to Facebook and my heart to the Heartlands of America for far too long, going forward I am returning to my personal keyboard and ownership of ethics. I have been as happy as a dog with two tails for many years while sharing photos of plants that I have respectfully collected in the wilds, trialed, brought to flower and sometimes propagated to ultimately share from our garden to yours. The platform — or better said scheme — was easy to devour. However the subsequent gluttony of commerce and political power is impossible to swallow. I will endeavor to share with you the joie de vivre that our natural world has brought us in our own unedited design of truth, self-awareness, personal experience and an obligation to respect those deserving it. On our own terms.

Robert and I have worked prodigiously during our entire lives; long nights, sweaty days and blistered hands. We have earnestly and without reluctance paid taxes to build a better system of education for other’s children, roads, health, a safety net for the less fortunate and a welcoming community to all manner of folk. We are not going to let stand the callous, patentable ineptitude of one who operates by the moral compass of blue-green algae, nor ignore an unelected, randy South African breeder, nor bow to a short majority of spineless sycophants as they bear down on us. We are here. And it is we who are actually doing the work and intrinsically contributing to society. Should you wish to continue to receive our monthly newsletters, please understand that the above stated thoughts are our foundational standards in doing business and govern our communication with our valued customers.

An evergreen shrub in the Camellia family with large white flowers
On the slopes of Fan Xi Phan in northern Vietnam in 2023, with Polyspora longicarpa, in the Camellia family, presenting its sensational autumnal flowers.

In this listing, you will find many new plants we have garnered recently from high places around the globe; seed collecting trips to Vietnam (2019, 2022, 2023), China (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) and NE India (2016, 2018) and Slovenia (2017), joining ranks with Dan’s collections over nearly 40 years. Our interest in New Zealand, South Africa, Chile and Tasmania continues; that is until their interest in having us visit us wanes. Amongst them all are our pet genera (or other’s pets) who we adore as much as any child; Agapanthus, hardy Begonia species, Kniphofia, Hydrangea, Podophyllum, Polygonatum, Maianthemum and Disporum.

Early ‘torches’ of Kniphofia ‘Lola’ rise to nearly 8′ on the bluff at Windcliff.

As always, we remain indebted to our loyal helpers. If we cannot with any sense of security share all of their names, we will share none of them. They all know how much they are valued here as well as good and decent members of our society. I continue to remain in awe of my comrades in this business, who have built their collections, and offered them to all of us, with honesty, forthrightness and grace.

We encourage the brave of heart to navigate the country roads of Kitsap County and visit our nursery and garden during this coming season, using our updated inventory at www.danieljhinkley.com as a guide to what we may have in stock; please know that, yes, we still experience crop failures and unforeseen popularity, so if you are making the trip for a specific plant, make sure you contact us in advance to confirm it is available. Make a day of it by visiting our former garden, Heronswood- that is exploding with excitement- and the Bloedel Reserve on Bainbridge Island. (not far from Bay Hay and Feed!) We do apologize for not wishing to again rejoin the fray of mail order. An ever-changing selection of Windcliff Plants can be found for sale exclusively on the tables at Heronswood, Ravenna Gardens of University Village in Seattle, and Bay Hay and Feed on Bainbridge Island.

horticulturally and respectfully yours,

Daniel J Hinkley and Robert L Jones

Filed Under: Essays, Expeditions, Windcliff

Lady Clive’s Lily

February 4, 2025 By Daniel J. Hinkley

Houseplant with yellow flowers in the winter
Inaugural Blossoming of #305, January 2025
Easy fulfilling houseplant for any house or apartment with a wide assortment of flower colors
From hand-controlled crosses with C. gardenii, in full blossom just before Christmas, 2024

The first Clivia I grew was, for a considerable length of time, until my husband murdered it during the winter of 2024, the longest surviving houseplant I had never not killed. Until its untimely euthanasia (have I yet mentioned the murder?) it blossomed dependably for over four decades, gladly offering its quotidian orange flowers each winter without fidget or fuss on my part. And there was, with each blossoming every year, more than a small flowery flash of guilt. I had grown it from seed found on the floor at Molbak’s in Woodinville, WA in 1980. Well….. it may not have been precisely ‘on the floor’ though I fully sensed a great deal of gravity in this matter. (much later, Nils Molbak would become a friend, with a full clivial confession made during a dinner party at Windcliff)

The genus was named in honor of Lady Charlotte Percy Clive (1787-1866), later the Duchess of Northumberland, who was amongst the first in England to grow these evergreen relatives of the Amaryllis, collected in South Africa by British imperialists in the early 19th century. There are no historical records of her ever having stolen a Clivia seed, nor that her husband, with or without malice, wantonly murdered her plants.

There are a total of six species and native only to South Africa and Eswatini, generally at home under trees and thusly-in our homes- adapted to low light conditions. Clivia miniata has been the touchstone of the genus under cultivation for decades- with heads of broad, tubular flowers in orange and orange/scarlet. It was not long ago that yellow flowering selections were selling for 1K, however dedicated breeding across the world has resulted in a highly variable inventory of interspecific species, resulting in intriguing color combinations, flower shapes and much lower prices.

Berries can be harvested, or stolen, just as they begin to turn yellow or red, and the seed, if sown fresh, will germinate within weeks. Fawning a bit over the seedlings for the first two years, providing bright conditions, regular watering and fertilization in spring and summer, will truncate the wait for that inaugural flowering. On the third year, if you have been a good person, stop watering in October and store under bright but cool conditions. Explain to your husband, if you are to be away from home, that although 26F may seem refreshing to some, being cool generally refers to temps in the 40’s. In mid-January, bring them into warmth and a bright conditions and begin regular watering. You need not place them in direct sunlight though they do not resent the rays. And then the magic; the first buds opening to the brew and stew of your imaginations, from sowing to transplanting to coddling and then encouraging.

Clivia is amongst only a few genera in the Amaryllidaceae that do not form bulbs, rather dense fleshy roots. As your pots begin to rip and tear like tight jeans after falling off the Adkins diet, this trait lends itself to easy division, performed in spring as growth resumes.

Despite the fact that many of us in the PNW ( because we use electric leaf blowers, drink free-trade coffee and consider President Musk and First Laddy Trump to be a clear and present danger to democracy) feel we deserve hardy Clivias, and many of us have tried, bragging rights will come from only a plant or two that has survived, not thrived. But as a containerized plant, nothing will be easier nor will bring you more satisfaction. My ever-increasing collection always sets a plethora of seed. We have cameras in place; don’t even think about it.

DJH. February 2nd, 2025

Filed Under: Windcliff Tagged With: Houseplants

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Daniel J. Hinkley

Teacher, writer, lecturer, consultant, nurseryman, naturalist, gardener.
Above all, he is committed to solid and sustainable horticultural practices, above average garden plants, landscapes of distinction and raising the collective awareness of the diversity of plant life on Earth as well as the magic and mysteries of our natural world. Learn more…

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